famous elves in norse mythology

In Norse Mythology, Gaiman stays true to the myths in envisioning the major Norse pantheon: Odin, the highest of the high, wise, daring, and cunning; Thor, Odin's son, incredibly strong yet not the wisest of gods; and Lokison of a giantblood brother to Odin and a trickster and unsurpassable manipulator. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. Unlike the elves in general, which commonly stay outside of the spotlight in Norse mythology, there are many dwarves featured in Viking lore. A Hamingja is a kind of female guardian spirit with a similar connection to a person as their fylgja. The Reginsml only mentions his shortness but goes on to say that was fierce, skilled in magic, and wise, so this identification might work. Before the adventures of Sigurd, thesagadeals with the power struggles of Sigurds ancestors. In fact, it was said that they used terrible magic to ensure this from time to time during major conflicts. Very little is known of the elves in Norse myth. [5] Hall, Alaric. In the poem Ffnisml of the Poetic Edda, the dragon killed by the legendary hero Sigurd mentions that some of the Norns, the deities who have the gift of prophecy and decide the fates of all, are from the family of Dvalin. Valkyries are Odins female spirits, flying maidens who ferry the slain on the battlefield to Valhalla. His idea for starting planet Norway came about when helping his foreign fiance to settle in Norway. The Eddic poem Alvssml, connected to Odin and the creation of the world, portrays elves as being closely connected to nature. The lines between elves and other spiritual beings, including dwarves, gods, giants, and even land spirits are notoriously blurry. While his brothers go searching for them, Vlund stays home and forges rings with gems, waiting for his wife. In folklore, dwarves are generally associated with craftsmanship, mining, mountains, earth, and their appearance does not seem too enticing. Both Regin & Fafnir succumb to their greediness, allowing the glittering gold to overcome their judgment. The story concludes with Bothvild confirming Vlunds sayings and the flight of the elf. Trolls . The figure is present in Old English as early as the 8th century CE, probably spreading in Scandinavia a century later. p. 13. Vlund is celebrated at length in the first heroic poem of the 13th-century CE Poetic Edda, namely Vlundarkvia (Lay of Vlund, Old Norse: Vlundarkvia), which tells of how the famous craftsman was lamed by king Nithuth and then enacted terrible revenge. Elves and dwarves represent minor divine figures inNorse mythology. It is an old and widespread belief that elves cause illnesses, and Old English terminology is rich in expressions which show this. Cruelly vengeful, he makessilvercups out of their skulls for the king, gems out of their eyes for their mother, and a brooch out of their teeth for their sister Bothvild. In Norse mythology, Freya is a powerful goddess. Freya: Norse Goddess Who Was The Most Prominent Vlva. ucla environmental science graduate program; four elements to the doctrinal space superiority construct; woburn police scanner live. (28). Cite This Work Some turn into animals, for example, the aforementioned Fafnir from the legend of the clan of the Volsungs (related to the continental cycle of Nibelungs), Andvari who lives like a fish, and Otr, which means quite literally an otter, from the same story. Last modified March 08, 2021. The dwarves are skilled craftsmen, and they have crafted some of the best objects in the world. p. 36. Shvan - means dog in Sanskrit. Talented smiths as they are, their creative power can turn against them. It is also worth bearing in mind that they might have had different ideas about these beings than the images presented in folk tales now. Influenced by later folklore and popular culture, we tend to think about elves, dwarves, and many other supernatural beings as having certain characteristics which makes them very easily identifiable. As he is doing this, Nithuth hears about his whereabouts and sends his men to Vlunds hall when he is away. Dvergarcan shapeshift and sometimes get quite vicious. Asgard can be broken into "the fortress of the As," the shortened word for the Aesir, the name of the gods. The story concludes with Bothvild confirming Vlunds sayings and the flight of the elf. jim martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls football famous bears in norse mythology. Dwarves appear in several important stories, such as the one about the forging of Thor's hammer, or dragon Fafnir's treasure. While elves were associated with all gods, and the Vanir, they are particularly connected with Freyr, the god who rules over the realm of the elves. We should remember as well that besides elves and dwarves, the imaginary space was also populated bylandsvttir, spirits of the land who can both bless and curse travellers; valkyries, the helpers ofOdinin picking warriors for his hall;disir, some kind of guardian spirits; trolls, a term used to describe evil spirits or magical mountain-dwellers; and even undead creatures calleddraugar. World History Encyclopedia. While there are various descriptions of elves dotted throughout books like the Poetic Edda, our understanding of how Vikings and other Norse people actually viewed elves is somewhat limited. The Dokkalfar elves lived under the earth and were said to be similar to dwarves but were completely black in color. Manea, I. While the Aesir were the great gods and lived in Asgard, the Vanir were minor gods and resided in Vanaheim. She is said to produce the clearest mead and that theres an everlasting amount. They are said to dwell in Svartalfheim, one of the nine realms of Norse legend. They can live in soil or in rocks. After they kill him, they drain his blood, mix it with honey, and thus concoct the mead of poetry, the enchanted liquid that will turn anyone into a talented skald. Greedy, terrible, and unpopular people were said to become a draugr after their death. Ultimately, the Nordic elf has a lot of overlap with countless other spiritual and magical beings from the Nordic world. The Eagle is a Sun Animal symbolizing Light conquering darkness, justice, victory, spiritual power and magic. Muspelheim - Realm of Fire 3. Does Norway use the Euro? In Norse mythology why do the light elves and dark elves hate each other? Infuriated, Thor forces Loki to look up the black-elves/dwarves to make her hair of gold. Jotunheim - Realm of the Frost Giants He succeeds, and they fight when Jrmungandr surfaces, Thor using his hammer and the beast spewing poison. Luckily, the Jtunn Hymir was on the trip with Thor and cut the line allowing Jrmungandr to flee. The elves also have ambivalent relations with humans. The Light Elves lived at the very top of Ygdrassil, while the Dark Elves inhabited Svartelfheim, deep below the . We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Pronunciation: aye-sear. Tired of his wifes weeping, they drop a millstone on her head. DunkerTroll depicted in a folktale from Fosen. The race of dwarves, down to a character named Lofar, leaves the mountains for a new home, but this story is unexplained. . The stories that make up what is known today as Norse mythology Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction, Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Before the adventures of Sigurd, the saga deals with the power struggles of Sigurd's ancestors. Vanaheim - Realm of the Vanir 5. The runic inscription reads: "Hrvisl and Farbjrn and Gunnbjrn". To complicate things even more, Snorri makes a difference between light-elves who live in a splendid place called Alfheim and dark-elves (svartlfar) from the ground, who might be the same as or related to dwarves. Two wicked dwarves named Fjalar and Galar come up in the story of the mead of poetry. In Norse mythology, humans and elves were able to interbreed and produce hybrid offspring. 6. He tells him the story of his family and his two brothers, Fafnir and Otr, and how one day Odin, Loki, and Hoenir killed Otr in his otter shape. Some poems also make references to humans being able to become elves after death. They have survived in modern folklore as part of the hluduflk, the hidden peoples. Even though arguments can be made for such a continuity in certain cases, it may be jeopardous to make general assumptions from only limited or specific instances. His most defining trait remains that of craftsmanship: his skillfulness brings him both fame and trouble, yet it helps him gain his freedom again. They are depicted as hideous to look at and reeking of rot and decay. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. The Lay of Vlund does not explain how he manages to fly away, but we can draw on another source to infer that. Among the most fascinating realms is Alfheim, the world of the elves, which was ruled over by Freyr, the Vanir god of virility and peace. The sons of Ivaldi - the most skilled craftsmen There were four sons of Ivaldi, whose names meant bowman. Thor compels him to answer his questions to prove his skill after the dwarf states that he was promised his daughter Throdr, and irritates him by calling him a vagrant due to his lack of refinement. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Elves in Norse mythology: A guide to the Nordic elf. The Volsunga saga was written in the 13th century CE, and it makes use of plenty of supernatural motifs. The eight-legged horse is a common creature throughout many indigenous mythological traditions. According to the Eddic poem Lokasenna, elves regularly joined the gods in council and war, and even accompanied gods as drinking companions and lovers. Elves occasionally also were benevolent and helpful. View more posts, You can now buy the audio pronunciation albums for Viking Language 1 in our store! There seems to be a bit of interchangeability between dark elves, dwarves, and human corpses in the ancient works, making the lines between the three quite blurry. The Anglo-Saxon poemAgainst a Dwarfis a charm supposed to cure an illness of some kind of trouble sleeping, a nightmare, elf-dream (Alptraumin German). [3] The lines between elves and other spiritual beings such as the gods, giants, dwarves, and land spirits are blurry, and it seems unlikely that the heathen Germanic peoples themselves made any cold, systematic distinctions between these various groupings. Not much else is known about their behaviors and world. This is the clan to which great gods such as Odin and Thor belong. Other references to him come up in the poems Beowulf and Waldere, on a Swedish runestone in Ardre, and various traditions of medieval folklore. But the draugr are not ghosts in the traditional sense, but rather reanimated bodies of the dead. Loki wagers his head with another dwarf called Brokk that he and his brother Eitri would not be able to make three objects as precious as these. There is perhaps no Norse god more famous and beloved than Thor, the protector of Asgard (the realm of the gods) and Midgard (the realm of humankind). Dwarves and elves are some of the better-known Scandinavian mythological creatures, thanks in part to the growing popularity of books like Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings. Vlund makes the princess her lover, who then weeps for her partner who manages to escape the island. HrungnirThe stongest giant in Norse mythology. They can live in soil or in rocks. Dwarves appear in several important stories, such as the one about the forging ofThors hammer, or dragon Fafnirs treasure. There are two different types of elves in Norse mythology, the Dokkalfar, or dark elves creature, and the Ljosalfar, light elves creatures. Today, when most people think of Elves, they think of Lord of the Rings, or Santas helpers. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1695/elves--dwarves-in-norse-mythology/. Astrilde: Astrilde was a Norse Goddess equivalent of Cupid. . Elf mythology also depicts these creatures as having strong connections with the Gods. Regarding the differences between all these supernatural creatures, scholar rmann Jakobsson adds: Notions of a continuity of Northern folk traditions [] are revived in every generation, with subtle changes, without having ever really gone out of fashion. Made famous by J. R. R. Tolkien, the dwarves and the elves originate from Norse Mythology. Elves in Anglo-Saxon England. Then the dwarves invite a giant named Gilling and his wife. Some scholars believe the Dkklfar may simply be another name for dwarves. Table of Contents 1. The dark elves, otherwise known as svartalfar, were less beautiful than their counterparts, and potentially more connected to evil and misdeeds. The king takes Vlunds sword, his daughter receives the gold ring meant for Vlunds wife, and the queen speaks of his bad appearance and upcoming unhappiness of this creature or Myrkwood (a magical place also used by Tolkien). Norse elves were considered supernatural, magical creatures, responsible for playing a role in the past, present, and future of the world. She is taken in by Alf, prince of Denmark, and her son Sigurd turns out to be of extraordinary might and character. [5] Still, other sources do speak of the elves and the Vanir as being distinct categories of beings, such that a simple identification of the two would be misguided. Vlund makes the princess her lover, who then weeps for her partner who manages to escape the island. Here we have the origins of elves, dwarves, giants, and legendary individual creatures such as Jrmungandr, the world serpent, and Fenrir, the great wolf. Fafnir killed their father, turned into a dragon, and hid all the treasure, while Regin became a smith. Old English names in elf - include the cognate of Alboin lfwine (literally "elf-friend", m.), lfric ("elf-powerful", m.), lfweard ("elf-guardian", m.), and lfwaru ("elf-care", f.). Beyond the powerful yet fickle gods of Norse mythology, the nose sagas provide us with countless tales of legendary creatures and beings that have captured the modern imagination. Norse Mythology for kids: Illustrated Myths of Gods, Goddesses, Giants Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,100],'planetnorway_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_0',147,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-planetnorway_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Elves in Norse mythology are split into two different types: The Dkklfar (Dark Elves) and the Ljslfar (Light Elves). After another gap and unclear lines in the poem, the king summons Vlund, the crafty elf to explain to him what happened to his sons (Hildebrand, 367). For this reason, some think it is better to think of them as another race of people among the gods rather than a kind of creature. Thus Sigurd, after avenging his father first, accepts the challenge and stabs Fafnir in the heart while laying in a ditch he digs underneath, following Odins advice. The Old Norse Language and How to Learn It, The Swastika Its Ancient Origins and Modern (Mis)use. Elves are humanoid beings which originate from Germanic mythology and English folklore. In norse mythology the Gods Odin and his brothers, Vili, and Ve, created the world we live in out of the body of Ymir. Thank you for your help! Please support World History Encyclopedia. Born of Loki and the Jtunn Angrboa, he is the brother of the great serpent, Jrmungandr, and queen of the underworld, Hel. Some of the gods are described as being Jtunn, such as Skai, and others are descended from Jtunn, such as Odin and Thor. Everything you need to know about travelling in Scandinavia. One day Nithuths sons come to the island to see the elfs great treasure. As mentioned above, the Vanir god Freyr, the brother of Freya was the lord of the elves homeland, Alfheim. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Vlund is celebrated at length in the first heroic poem of the 13th-century CEPoetic Edda, namelyVlundarkvia(Lay of Vlund, Old Norse:Vlundarkvia), which tells of how the famous craftsman was lamed by king Nithuth and then enacted terrible revenge. When they get to the task in their workshop, Loki in the form of a fly starts troubling Brokk, but he keeps blowing in the forge. He returned to Asgard and presented his six gifts to Thor, Odin, and Freyr.. Thor received Sif's new hair and Mjllnir. We care about our planet! famous bears in norse mythology famous bears in norse mythology (No Ratings Yet) . They designed three gifts for Aesir, the gods of the principal pantheon in the Norse religion. It is thought to depict inn, rr and Freyr. In this way, he has a daily meal available through his goats. Huginn and Munnin are the two ravens who help Odin as part of his menagerie of spirits. The dark elves are thought to be the same as dwarves and dwell under the earth and be almost black to look at. Associated with Canis Major. Naturally, the king demanded compensation, which was given in the form of the gold taken from the dwarf Andvari, who cursed one item, the ring Andvararnaut. They are also characterised by their short physical stature, with the males of this race almost always sporting long beards. Dwarves. The Franks CasketThe Trustees of the British Museum (CC BY-NC-SA). Perhaps the god Freyr, connected to prosperity and good harvest, had something in common with them, as the poem Grmnisml suggests that the realm of the light-elves, Alfheim, has been given to him. As remarked by Turville-Petre. I consent to the privacy policy and terms and conditions. Each case must instead be judged on its own merit. They see the 700 rings on a rope but only take one. Related Content Currency in Norway: What currency is used in Norway? 2007. Manea, Irina-Maria. 15 of the very best Danish TV shows on Netflix, A Guide to the Best Hotels in Copenhagen, Denmark. (28). Their name is derived from the old Norse word "dvergr" They first appear in the Poetic Edda, a 13th-century collection of Norse poems. This is why poetry is sometimes called the dwarves drink. To advertise your brand to a global audience, contact our advertising team below. Many specialists believe the Nordic people themselves probably didnt make a lot of specific distinctions between these groups. Tolkien 300 years later.. YmerThe oldest creature in the Norse universe. Throughout the Nordic sagas and Eddic poetry, elves are mentioned somewhat frequently, but they remain some of the most mysterious creatures in Norse lore. Regin, son of Hreidmar, acts as his foster father yet entices him to go on a quest that would trigger his impending doom. The Old Norse word "gard" means enclosure or fortress. Start typing to see results or hit ESC to close. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. The Vanir god Freyr is the lord of the elves homeland, Alfheim,[4] and at least one Old Norse poem repeatedly uses the word elves to designate the Vanir. Scandinavian watches: What are the best Scandinavian watch brands? Her connections with Ymir and Buri place her at the beginning of creation, helping to bring into being the first creatures of Norse mythology. Odin, Thor, and Freyr were among the most revered of all the gods; thus, they could be considered the three main deities. His father Sigmund is slain in a battle with a suitor of his mother Hjordis. Their name comes from two Old Norse words, valr referring to those who died in battle and kjosa meaning "to choose.". Elves, on the other hand, accompany the gods in poetry but do not really have individual stories, except for Vlund the smith. Scandification explores and celebrates the magic of Scandinavia. Fenrir was suspicious of being bound by it for a game the gods thought up to trick him but allowed it if one of the gods would put their hand in his mouth as they tied him. The elves in Norse mythology were called the lfar and were believed to cause illness, have strong magic, and be very beautiful. Light elves are tall, slender beings who are said to be fairer than the sun. 10 Most famous Norwegians throughout history. These messages go between Verflnir, the eagle who lives in the high branches on top, and Nidhggr, who gnaws on the roots below. The gods and goddesses of Norse mythology include Odin, the chief god and god of war, wisdom, and poetry; Thor, the god of thunder and protector of humanity; Freyja, the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility; and Loki, the trickster god and shape-shifter. Many of the supernatural creatures depicted in Norse lore seem to have a lot of overlap, making it difficult to differentiate one from the other. Influenced by later folklore and popular culture, we tend to think about elves, dwarves, and many other supernatural beings as having certain characteristics which makes them very easily identifiable. The jtunn predominantly dwells in Jtunheimr. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'planetnorway_com-narrow-sky-2','ezslot_19',165,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-planetnorway_com-narrow-sky-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[120,600],'planetnorway_com-narrow-sky-2','ezslot_20',165,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-planetnorway_com-narrow-sky-2-0_1');.narrow-sky-2-multi-165{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:600px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Dismiss, Viking Age Iceland: Mord the Fiddle: The Law, Viking Language 1: Audio Lessons 1-8 (Pronounce Old Norse, Runes and Icelandic Sagas), Viking Language 1: Audio Lessons 9-15 (Pronounce Old Norse, Runes and Icelandic Sagas). The biggest influence on way elves are shown in . In Norse mythology, Dkklfar ("Dark Elves") [a] and Ljslfar ("Light Elves") [b] are two contrasting types of elves; the dark elves dwell within the earth and have a dark complexion, while the light elves live in lfheimr, and are "fairer than the sun to look at". When a person died, it was thought that their hamingja passed down to their most beloved family member, increasing their fortune over time. He tells him the story of his family and his two brothers, Fafnir and Otr, and how one day Odin, Loki, and Hoenir killed Otr in his otter shape. Notable sir include Odin, rr (Thor), Frigg, Heimdall, Tr, Bragi, Iunn (Idunn), Baldr, and Loki (though not always). The legend of Vlund/Wayland is to be found summarized inDeors Lament, a 10th-century CE Old English poem in the Exeter Book, when the suffering poet lists heroes who have also endured a lot of pain, among whom the elven smith. In stanza 10, we have the names of two apparently powerful dwarves, Motsognir and Durin, but little is known of them, as with the other dwarves listed in the following catalogue up to stanza 16, the Dvergatal in Old Norse. In legendarysagas, kings of elven blood seem to be of higher importance. Even Odins spear was made by dwarves. They are commonly depicted in one of two different forms: Small nature spirits affiliated with the fairies. Odin's famous hall of Valhalla, where his throne may have been located, is in Asgard. Interestingly, the elves appear in eleven answers about naming these elements, as the poem seems to draw a line between these races. The Trustees of the British Museum (CC BY-NC-SA), Snorri makes a difference between light-elves who live in a splendid place called Alfheim & dark-elves (. TrymThe king of giants in Jotunheimen region. Wayland the SmithThe Trustees of the British Museum (CC BY-NC-SA). Elves, on the other hand, accompany the gods in poetry but do not really have individual stories, except for Vlund the smith. Sometimes Ratatoskr sends messages for him up to the eagle in the high branches of the great tree. In Norse mythology, Alfhild was a woman guarded by a snake and a lizard that destroyed unworthy men. Elves and dwarves represent minor divine figures in Norse mythology. Infuriated, Thor forces Loki to look up the black-elves/dwarves to make her hair of gold. Elivagar and gjol flow out into the abyss 2. In many tales, they can only be killed by the destruction of the putrid body. She decides a persons luck and happiness. Norse mythology is the body of mythology of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and . Tolkien to depict his elven characters as being tall, and incredibly beautiful. She eats the buds off the tree Lrar, producing so much mead that she fills a huge cauldron every day to provide her magical drink for all the warriors of Valhalla. In the end, Thor admits the wealth of wisdom he has witnessed, but the conversation proves to be a trick to make him wait until the sunlight turns him into stone. All Rights Reserved. Another name in the list, Dvalin, is credited in another poem of the Poetic Edda, the Hvaml, with having given some magic runes to his kin, which perhaps explains their skills (stanza 144). if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'planetnorway_com-leader-2','ezslot_7',169,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-planetnorway_com-leader-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'planetnorway_com-leader-2','ezslot_8',169,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-planetnorway_com-leader-2-0_1');.leader-2-multi-169{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Fafnir killed their father, turned into a dragon, and hid all the treasure, while Regin became a smith. In stanza 10, we have the names of two apparently powerful dwarves, Motsognir and Durin, but little is known of them, as with the other dwarves listed in the following catalogue up to stanza 16, theDvergatalin Old Norse. The world of fantasy literature is packed with mythical creatures including elves, dwarfs and giants. Jrmungandrs most hated enemy is Thor. [6] Turville-Petre, E.O.G. Origin: Norse. Gaiman fashions these primeval . According to Norse mythology, dwarves are master blacksmiths who live in underground cities. Copenhagen red light district: Where is it, and is it safe? Egil is also the one compelled by Nithuth to shoot at Vlund, but not before hiding a bladder filled with blood under his arm so that the king believes his enemy is killed. They are described at times as astoundingly beautiful and at other times as grotesque. lfsiden is said to mean a nightmare, and lfogoa, hiccoughs. Role: Principal clan of Norse gods. As such, its difficult to fully understand what the Nordic people were referring to when they spoke of elves. Anyhow, both Regin and Fafnir succumb to their greediness, allowing the glittering gold to overcome their judgment. Scandification is a participant in Amazon Service LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated websites. J.R.R. Then the dwarves invite a giant named Gilling and his wife. There is a theory that the Vikings and other Germanic peoples would change out their supreme deities. Elves and dwarves represent minor divine figures in Norse mythology. (232). Vlund is a complex character, reuniting aspects of the light and dark elves mentioned by Snorri: at first peaceful and melancholic, then after his imprisonment aggressive and merciless. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. In legendary sagas, kings of elven blood seem to be of higher importance. Snorri even describes a second realm for the dark elves called Svartlfaheimr. They bring it to the gods, together with the ring Draupnir, which drips nine other rings every ninth night, and Gullinborsti, a magic boar faster than any horse. Tolkien used this catalogue as inspiration, particularly the names Gandalfr ("magic elf", not dwarf) and Eikinskjaldi. In stanza 9, the gods gather and decide who should lead the dwarves "out of Brimirs blood and the legs of Blain" (Hildebrand, 16), two names possibly synonymous with Ymir or his flesh. Thor asks what the earth is called,the clouds, the wind, the sea, the fire, and so on. There are a number of dogs in Hindu mythology. Furthermore, these details are suggested in scenes on theFrankscasket of ivory, an 8th-century CE Anglo-Saxon chest rich in mythical subject matters. Elves and dwarves were probably seen as interchangeable, belonging to the large family of spirits populating a world seen as much richer than what the naked eye could grasp, as Northmen did not share our passion for clear categories.

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