economic importance of coconut

They also include fossil fruits that have been tentatively identified as modern Cocos nucifera. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. A coconut is the edible fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), a tree of the palm family. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. Saturated fat is associated with hypercholesterolemia high cholesterol , atherosclerosis hardening of the arteries , and heart disease. Coconut oil and milk are ingredients in cooking, frying, soaps and cosmetics, and foods like margarine and popcorn. Coconut oil, aside from being used in cooking as an ingredient and for frying, is used in soaps, cosmetics, hair oil, and massage oil. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. Harvesting and Yield in Lucerne Cultivation, Important Problems of Coconut Cultivation, Farming Systems & Sustainable Agriculture, Breeding of Field and Horticultural Crops agriculture information, Fundamentals to Entomology agriculture information, Production Techniques for Biological Control Agents, Practicals on Technology of Milk & Milk Products agriculture information, Economics of Natural Resources & Farm Management agriculture information. [107] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. The tender coconutis witnessing a surge in sales in the country. of tender .coconut and is used as refreshing and agreeable drink and as a useful substitute for saline glucose in intravenous infusion. It noted that by using these small atolls, the species could easily island-hop. [154] Activated carbon manufactured from coconut shell is considered extremely effective for the removal of impurities. On the eve of Choti Holi . It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. Immature coconuts produce a sloshing sound when shaken (the sharper the sound, the younger it is), while fully mature coconuts do not. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. In order to resolve this enigma, a 2014 study proposed that the ancestors of Cocos had likely originated on the Caribbean coast of what is now Colombia, and during the Eocene the ancestral Cocos performed a long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic Ocean to North Africa. The endocarp or shell is used for fuel for making shell charcoal, activated carbon etc. typica) and "Dwarf" (var. However their original distribution was in the Central Indo-Pacific, in the regions of Maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Coconut Research Center. economic importance of coconut. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. Coconut buttons are often used for Hawaiian aloha shirts. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. [173] In the foothills of the temple town of Palani, before going to worship Murugan for the Ganesha, coconuts are broken at a place marked for the purpose. [18][49] However, they may have also been partially selected for thicker husks for coir production, which was also important in Austronesian material culture as a source for cordage in building houses and boats. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. [49], Coconuts can be broadly divided into two fruit types the ancestral niu kafa form with a thick-husked, angular fruit, and the niu vai form with a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm. They control formation and circulation of fats in body. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. Coconut production plays an important role in the national economy of the Philippines. The origin of dwarf varieties is Southeast Asia, which contain the tall cultivars that are genetically closest to dwarf coconuts. Therefore, heavy turf grass environments (beach resorts and golf courses) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees. Because coconut milk and oil nourish skin, moisturizing, restorative, vitality to skin, has a radiant effect. [95], The practice of using macaques to harvest coconuts was exposed in Thailand by the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in 2019, resulting in calls for boycotts on coconut products. The name comes from the old Portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. (1995). [101][102], Traditional areas of coconut cultivation in India are the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal and, Gujarat and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. Based on these separate introductions, coconut populations can still be divided into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts, respectively. [181], Literary evidence from the Ramayana and Sri Lankan chronicles indicates that the coconut was present in the Indian subcontinent before the 1st centuryBCE. (April 2006). While theres no direct way to make your hair grow faster overnight, there are steps you can take to keep your hair healthy and long. This mite infests coconut plantations, and is devastating; it can destroy up to 90% of coconut production. Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. (1992). The use of coconut branches in corporal punishment was revived in the Gilbertese community on Choiseul in the Solomon Islands in 2005. Elvira Bowen is a food expert who has dedicated her life to understanding the science of cooking. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. Which Is Healthier Refined Or Unrefined Coconut Oil? [125] These can be toasted or baked to make bacon-like fixings. Choti Holi, also known as Holika Dahan, is an important Hindu festival celebrated throughout India, one day before the main Holi festival. Coconut is the most versatile tree in the world and is known as "the tree of life". [27] Coconut is grown in more than 90 countries of the world and Indonesia, Philippines, India are the major producing countries of the world. It is spread by host insects, that thrive on heavy turf grasses. Oilseeds, overall. This ritual, known as niniyogan, is an offering made to the deceased and one's ancestors. ~The effect will be much stronger when consumed by adding ~When mask made with milk inside coconut, color tone of skin will be opened. [134][135] It can also be diluted into a beverage. Add an answer. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. It is further strengthened by other similar botanical evidence of contact, like the pre-colonial presence of sweet potato in Oceanian cultures. Coconut water is traditionally used as a growth supplement in plant tissue culture and micropropagation. Gatchalian et al 1994 developed a sonometry technique for precisely determining the stage of ripeness of young coconuts. [32], Further complicating measures to determine the evolutionary history of Cocos is the genetic diversity present within C. nucifera as well as its relatedness to other palms. Narali Purnima is celebrated on a full moon day which usually signifies the end of monsoon season in India. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). The process of husk extraction from the coir bypasses the retting process, using a custom-built coconut husk extractor designed by ASEANCanada Forest Tree Seed Centre in 1986. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. Coconuts only came into prominence as an important food item after the 1860s and this was largely due to its use by the Indian indentured immigrants who had replaced the slaves on the plantations and who had used coconuts in a variety of ways in their native land. Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. Coconut oil has high world demand as an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps, hair oils, body oils and in food products and has surged in popularity because of its health benefits. A sugar containing juice which is obtained by tapping unopened spadix is known as toddy. It is the dominant form in the Indo-Atlantic coconuts. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. [28] In west-central India, numerous fossils of Cocos-like fruits, leaves, and stems have been recovered from the Deccan Traps. These skilled, unpaid laborers can pick hundreds of coconuts daily. It has applications in furniture and specialized construction, as notably demonstrated in Manila's Coconut Palace. In Cambodia, the roots are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for dysentery. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. The endocarp is initially filled with a multinucleate liquid endosperm (the coconut water). The haustorium absorbs the solid endosperm to nourish the seedling. [118][119], Maturity is difficult to assess on an unopened coconut, and there is no technically proven method for determining maturity. [25] The female flower is much larger than the male flower. Fresh husks contain more tannin than old husks. [64], The dwarf coconut cultivars are fully domesticated, in contrast to tall cultivars which display greater diversity in terms of domestication (and lack thereof). In Belize, coconuts are grown countrywide. A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each coconut requires a year to fully ripen. [26][27][31], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although most dwarf varieties are self-pollinating. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). [40], Carl Linnaeus first wanted to name the coconut genus Coccus from latinizing the Portuguese word coco, because he saw works of other botanists in middle of the 17th century use the name as well. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and regular rainfall (1,5002,500mm[5998in] annually), which makes colonizing shorelines of the tropics relatively straightforward. [86][87][88][84], The pole method uses a long pole with a cutting device at the end. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. Based on color and size, younger coconuts tend to be smaller and have brighter colors, while more mature coconuts have browner colors and are larger. Coconut Tree is commonly found in coastal areas. Some of the intercrops identified include cassava, bananas, blackpepper and ginger. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Coconut palms require warm conditions for successful growth, and are intolerant of cold weather. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. Training without Reward: Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut Harvesters. The meat can be eaten fresh from the coconut but the meat can also be used to make oil, milk, cream and desiccated coconut. AGRI INFO - My Agriculture Information Bank, Importance, Composition and Uses of Coconut. However, several states like Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh have emerged as non-traditional areas for the cultivation of coconut. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. : B.arenosella, B.atriloqua (feeds exclusively on C.nucifera), B.mathesoni (feeds exclusively on C.nucifera), and B. The coconut is a versatile and valuable crop, with a range of uses that contribute to both local and global economies. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. [45][24][48][49] Their cultivation and spread was closely tied to the early migrations of the Austronesian peoples who carried coconuts as canoe plants to islands they settled. Later, the endosperm matures and deposits onto the coconut rind during the cellular phase. This pattern coincides with the known trade routes of Austronesian sailors. Over the course of evolutionary time-scales the shifting atolls would have shortened the paths of colonization, meaning that any one coconut would not have to travel very far to find new land. While comparable to sports drinks, which can be loaded with added sugars and flavorings, coconut water is low in calories and carbs. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. Self Magazine. Sri Lanka is the world's fourth-largest producer of coconuts and is the second-largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 15% of the global production. Saturated fats can easily filter and re-circulate molecules to facilitate absorption by liver. [136][137] In the Philippines, sweetened reduced coconut milk is marketed as coconut syrup and is used for various desserts. Want this question answered? This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. [4], A study in 2011 identified two highly genetically differentiated subpopulations of coconuts, one originating from Island Southeast Asia (the Pacific group) and the other from the southern margins of the Indian subcontinent (the Indo-Atlantic group). Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. The word Narali is derived from naral implying "coconut" in Marathi. Saturday &Sunday CLOSED, Hybrid Coconut seedlings, Deejay Sampoorna. HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. In Coco Coir Global, we are honored to be the leading coir substrate manufacturing company with top-grade products that are trusted and confirmed by many customers around the world. Yet, its high in calories and saturated fat, so you should eat it in moderation. This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 13:03. It can be eaten as food or used as medicine. Is eating coconut good for your skin? Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. The husks can be used as flotation devices. The Philippines and Indonesia lead in copra production, and throughout the South Pacific copra is one of the most important export products. De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. [49][4][48][60], The coconut played a critical role in the migrations of the Austronesian peoples. Do you know 80 million poor people depend directly on coconut for their livelihood in 90 countries? [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. These vary by the taste of the coconut water and color of the fruit, as well as other genetic factors. Coconut is an important food crop produced worldwide and is a palm family member. Scientific studies have found it effective for treating enlarged prostate and improving serum cholesterol. Economic welfare can be evaluated through consumer surplus and producer surplus. In large amounts, coconut water might cause potassium levels in the blood to become too high. [158], The leftover fiber from coconut oil and coconut milk production, coconut meal, is used as livestock feed. Agriculture Industry In the past, the harvesting of coconuts and their husks was considered part of the waste or for burning fuel, and they did not have much economic benefit. One recently selected cultivar, the 'Maypan', has been bred for resistance to this disease. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. [67] This figure has been questioned based on the extremely small sample size that forms the basis of the paper that makes this claim. Coconut oil has anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for irritated, chafed skin. In Asia, coconut shells are also used as bowls and in the manufacture of various handicrafts, including buttons carved from dried shell. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". Source of Raw Material for the Agro-Based Industries In the agro-based industry, fruit growing offers the raw materials for canning and preserving products, among other things fresh fruits. [77], Coconut has a number of commercial and traditional cultivars. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". The nuts we had in baskets on deck remained edible and capable of germinating the whole way to Polynesia. [133], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. Trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. More recently, genomic analysis of cultivated coconut (C.nucifera L.) has shed light on the movement. [7] A frayed piece of root can also be used as a toothbrush. The reasons why coconut are cultivated only in Yemen's Al Mahrah and Hadramaut governorates and in the Sultanate of Oman, but not in other suitable areas in the Arabian Peninsula, may originate from the fact that Oman and Hadramaut had long dhow trade relations with Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Africa, and Zanzibar, as well as southern India and China. Nevin KG. The coconut populations in the island show genetic admixture between the two subpopulations indicating that Pacific coconuts were brought by the Austronesian settlers that later interbred with the local Indo-Atlantic coconuts. [140][141] It can also be fermented to produce a jelly-like dessert known as nata de coco. Partially defatted edible coconut grating is an excellent product and used in bakery and confectionary. The global virgin coconut oil market captured significant revenue in 2016 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of around 11% over the forecast period. [79][80][81], To avoid this, coconuts workers in the Philippines and Guam traditionally use bolos tied with a rope to the waist to cut grooves at regular intervals on the coconut trunks. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. Nor were there coconuts on the east side of the African coast until Vasco da Gama, nor in the Caribbean when first visited by Christopher Columbus. Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). The boiled young seedlings of Borassus flabellifer palmyra palm are edible and its fruits are eaten raw. Micronutrients in significant content (more than 10% of the Daily Value) include the dietary minerals, manganese, copper, iron, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc (table). The aim is to knock a coconut off the stand and win it. Stem Aerial, erect, unbranched and columnar, having prominent scars of leaf bases. In 2007, the Philippines imposed a quarantine in Metro Manila and 26 provinces to stop the spread of the pest and protect the Philippine coconut industry managed by some 3.5million farmers.[75]. Its development would . Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. Sri Lanka established its Coconut Development Authority and Coconut Cultivation Board and Coconut Research Institute in the early British Ceylon period.[109]. Why Are There No Coconuts In North India? [70], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. It is offered during worship to a Hindu god or goddess. What are the importance of coconut and its different uses? Studies have shown that coconut oil can help in significant reduction in belly fat. [39] Thenga, its Tamil/Malayalam name, was used in the detailed description of coconut found in Itinerario by Ludovico di Varthema published in 1510 and also in the later Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. It is known as a bunot in the Philippines and simply a "coconut brush" in Jamaica. The dried calyx is used as fuel in wood-fired stoves. [111], Coconut oil is increasingly used in the food industry. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. The discovery of this behavior was observed in Bali and North Sulawesi in Indonesia between 1998 and 2008. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [78] Manually climbing trees is traditional in most countries and requires a specific posture that exerts pressure on the trunk with the feet. Coconuts could not reach inland locations without human intervention (to carry seednuts, plant seedlings, etc.) The young coconut plants need to be nursed and irrigated with drip pipes until they are old enough (stem bulb development) to be irrigated with brackish water or seawater alone, after which they can be replanted on the beaches.

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