francisco franco goals

The general and dictator Francisco Franco (1892-1975) ruled over Spain from 1939 until his death. Francisco Franco was a career soldier who rose through the ranks until the mid-1930s. The first load of arms and tanks arrived as early as 26 September and was secretly unloaded at night. Francisco Franco, in full Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Tedulo Franco Bahamonde, byname El Caudillo (The Leader), (born December 4, 1892, El Ferrol, Spaindied November 20, 1975, Madrid), general and leader of the Nationalist forces that overthrew the Spanish democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War (193639); thereafter he was the head of the government of Spain until 1973 and head of state until his death in 1975. Three years later the Nationalists declared victory, which extended Franco's dictatorship over Spain through a period of repression of political opponents. The Valley of the Fallen in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain. During the 1960s, the wealthy classes of Francoist Spain experienced further increases in wealth, particularly those who remained politically faithful, while a burgeoning middle class became visible as the "economic miracle" progressed. [139] By 1939 the fascist style prevailed, with ritual rallying calls of "Franco, Franco, Franco. Not needing any more officers, the Naval Academy admitted no new entrants from 1906 to 1913. He consolidated all nationalist parties into the FET y de las JONS (creating a one-party state) and developed a cult of personality around his rule by founding the Movimiento Nacional. This left the striking Asturian miners to fight alone.[51]. [47] Instead he invited the Radical Republican Party's Alejandro Lerroux to do so. The rebels made effective use of a smaller navy, acquiring the most powerful ships in the Spanish fleet and maintaining a functional officer corp, while Republican sailors had assassinated a large number of their naval officers who sided with the rebels in 1936, as at Cartagena,[126] and El Ferrol. From the mid-1950s there was a slow but steady acceleration in economic activity, but the relative lack of growth (compared to the rest of Western Europe) eventually forced the Franco regime to allow the introduction of liberal economic policies in the late 1950s. Franco was one of a group of military leaders who in 1936 planned a coup to overthrow the Republican elected government, effectively starting the Spanish Civil War. [14], After relocating to Galicia, the Franco family was involved in the Spanish Navy, and over the span of two centuries produced naval officers for six uninterrupted generations (including several admirals),[15] down to Franco's father Nicols Franco Salgado-Arajo[es] (22 November 1855 22 February 1942). This saw mass executions of Republican and other Nationalist enemies, standing in contrast to the war-time Red Terror. On July 18, 1936, in the Canary Islands, Francisco Franco announced a military rebellion against the Spanish republic. 94 pages, Paperback First published January 1, 1952 [41], Franco was a subscriber to the journal of Accin Espaola, a monarchist organisation, and a firm believer in a supposed Jewish-Masonic-Bolshevik conspiracy, or contubernio (conspiracy). The post of Prime Minister was attached to that of Head of State until the 1967. Francisco Franco Bahamonde (Spanish:[fanisko fako a.amonde]; 4 December 1892 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo. For the first four years after taking Madrid, he ruled almost exclusively by decree. his wife bought up properties in the choicest areas of Madrid, with the goal of giving one to each of her grandchildren as presents. Franco led the Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War, and was aided by Hitler and Mussolini. Pre-Civil War industrial production levels were regained in the early 1950s, though agricultural output remained below prewar levels until 1958. He was also referred to in state and official documents as "Caudillo de Espaa" ("the Leader of Spain"), and sometimes called "el Caudillo de la ltima Cruzada y de la Hispanidad" ("the Leader of the Last Crusade and of the Hispanic heritage") and "el Caudillo de la Guerra de Liberacin contra el Comunismo y sus Cmplices" ("the Leader of the War of Liberation Against Communism and Its Accomplices"). The English version of General Francisco Franco's Masoneria. Spain did not intern any of the 1,200 American airmen who were forced to land in the country, but "gave them refuge and permitted them to leave. Francisco Franco naci el 4 de diciembre de 1892 en Ferrol. The argument that Mr Gil Robles tried to destroy the Constitution to establish fascism was, at once, hypocritical and false. The FNFF received various archives from the El Pardo Palace, and is alleged to have sold some of them to private individuals. [244], A highly controversial figure within Spain, Franco is seen as a divisive leader. The coup had failed in the attempt to bring a swift victory, but the Spanish Civil War had begun. This made him the youngest major in the Spanish army. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [123], The Nationalist victory could be accounted for by various factors:[124] the Popular Front government had reckless policies in the weeks prior to the war, where it ignored potential dangers and alienated the opposition, encouraging more people to join the rebellion, while the rebels had superior military cohesion, with Franco providing the necessary leadership to consolidate power and unify the various rightist factions. [187] With the pivot of Spain's foreign policy towards the United States during the Cold War, the situation changed with the 1967 Law on Religious Freedom, which granted full public religious rights to non-Catholics. Check out the latest domestic and international stats, match logs, goals, height, weight and more for Francisco Vidal Franco playing for Deportivo Toluca FC in the Liga MX. Though he was an avowed monarchist and held the honour of being a gentleman of the kings chamber, Franco accepted both the new regime and his temporary demotion with perfect discipline. Francisco Franco A Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a dictator for 36 years from 1939 until his death. [123] Beevor "reckons Franco's ensuing 'white terror' claimed 200,000 lives. Portrait of Francisco Franco in 1964 from Biblioteca Virtual de Defensa (left). Finally, it proposed the construction of monuments to commemorate Franco's victims in Madrid and other important cities. Franco appealed the decision to the king, who reversed it. Su infancia estuvo marcada por el abandono de su padre, que era liberal, y por su aspecto fsico. During the war, he commanded Spain's African colonial army and later, following the deaths of much of the rebel leadership, became his faction's only leader, being appointed Generalissimo and head of state in 1936. Stanley Payne observes that by the time civil war began, Franco had already become a major general and would soon be a generalissimo, while none of his higher-ranking fellow cadets had managed to get beyond the rank of lieutenant-colonel. For unofficial use, citizens continued to speak these languages. He took control of Spain from the government of the Second Spanish Republic after winning the Civil War, and was in power 1978, when the Spanish Constitution of 1978 went into effect. In several mining towns in Asturias, local unions gathered small arms and were determined to see the strike through. Indeed, Los Blancos are often depicted as being the favoured team of General Francisco Franco - the dictator who ruled Spain from the late 1930s until his death in 1975 - and his regime. It was elected in accordance with corporatist principles, and had little real power. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Spanish Army of Morocco was itself split into two columns, one commanded by General Juan Yage and the other commanded by Colonel Jos Varela. The impact of the Italian wars on the international stage, 19351945", "From Ostracism to a Leading Role Spain's Foreign Policy Towards the Middle East Since 1939", "Religious Persecution, Anticlerical Tradition and Revolution: On Atrocities against the Clergy during the Spanish Civil War", "Reflexiones sobre la naturaleza y las consecuencias del franquismo", "The Riddle of the Rock: A Reassessment of German Motives for the Capture of Gibraltar in the Second World War", "Los discursos catastrofistas de los lderes de la derecha y la difusin del mito del golpe de Estado comunista", "The Spanish Popular Front and the Civil War", "The Spanish Civil War and the origins of the Second World War", "Spain torn on tribute to victims of Franco", "Indalecio Prieto en Cuenca: comentarios al discurso pronunciado el 1 de mayo de 1936", Democracy and Civil war in Spain 19311939, Franco, Espaa y la II Guerra Mundial: Entre el Eje y la Neutralidad, Franco en la guerra civil Una biografia poltica, Adolf Hitler's Letter to General Franco (6 February 1941), Newspaper clippings about Francisco Franco, Franco-Spanish conquest of Morocco (18441932), National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party, British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women, Fdration d'action nationale et europenne, Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation, National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom), National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden), National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists, German National Movement in Liechtenstein, German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia), Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party, United Hungarian National Socialist Party, Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit, Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement, An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus, The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia, Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics, Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund fr Leibesbungen, Union of Young Fascists Vanguard (boys), Union of Young Fascists Vanguard (girls), National Socialist German Students' League, Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Franco&oldid=1142100433, Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (National faction), Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2022, Articles needing additional references from September 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The first-season episode "Cmo se reescribe el tiempo" of the Spanish television series, Franco is a character in CJ Sansom's book, Franco is the centrepiece of the satirical work. However, when Juan Carlos asked Franco if he could sit in on cabinet meetings, Franco would not permit him saying that "you would do things differently." By 1941, Vichy French forces were proving their effectiveness in North Africa, reducing the need for Spanish help, and Hitler was wary about opening up a new front on the western coast of Europe as he struggled to reinforce the Italians in Greece and Yugoslavia. [23][24] Two years later, he obtained a commission to Morocco. Italian aircraft stationed on Majorca bombed Barcelona 13 times, dropping 44 tons of bombs aimed at civilians. The port town of Ceuta and its larger sister city Melilla sit around 250 miles apart on the Mediterranean coast of Africa, and their Spanish past traces back more than 400 years, Slate report. [183] On 16 December 1968, the Spanish government formally revoked the 1492 Edict of Expulsion against Spain's Jewish population.[184][185]. [149][note 1] According to Helen Graham, the Spanish working classes became to the Francoist project what the Jews were to the German Volksgemeinschaft. All government, notarial, legal and commercial documents were to be drawn up exclusively in Castilian and any documents written in other languages were deemed null and void. Charity; FMCG; Media [93] Through representatives, he started to negotiate with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy for more military support, and above all for more aircraft. Sepultura: Cementerio de Mingorrubio, Madrid, Espaa. The 'red terror' had already killed 38,000. Contributing to the disagreement was an ongoing dispute over German mining rights in Spain. He also held a tense meeting with Primo de Rivera in July 1924. francisco franco goals. Fearing the increasing popular opposition, the Radical and Socialist majority postponed the regular elections, thereby prolonging their stay in power for two more years. I must say that I shall always consider that a service was renderedby Spain, not only to the United Kingdom and to the British Empire and Commonwealth, but to the cause of the United Nations. Spain attempted to retain control of its colonies throughout Franco's rule. A rumoured state visit by Franco to Germany did not take place and a further rumour of a visit by Goering to Spain, after he had enjoyed a cruise in the Western Mediterranean, again did not materialise. [251], Franco served as a role model for several anti-communist dictators in South America. [262] The Senate approved the bill on 10 December 2007.[263]. [40] At this point, once the constituent assembly had fulfilled its mandate of approving a new constitution, it should have arranged for regular parliamentary elections and adjourned, according to historian Carlton J. H. Hayes. [232], On 13 September 2018, the Congress of Deputies voted 1762, with 165 abstentions, to approve the government's plan to remove Franco's body from the monument. A privately owned DH 89 De Havilland Dragon Rapide, flown by two British pilots, Cecil Bebb and Hugh Pollard,[80] was chartered in England on 11 July to take Franco to Africa. Spanish efforts to occupy the new African protectorate provoked the Second Melillan campaign in 1909 against native Moroccans, the first of several Riffian rebellions. caudillo) od 1939. do 1975. godine. [26] Franco also received the Cross of Maria Cristina, First Class.[27]. [89] In Germany Wilhelm Canaris, the head of the Abwehr military intelligence service, persuaded Hitler to support the Nationalists;[90] Hitler sent twenty Ju 52 transport aircraft and six Heinkel biplane fighters, on the condition that they were not to be used in hostilities unless the Republicans attacked first. Other historians argue that Franco, as the leader of a destroyed and bankrupt country in chaos following a brutal three-year civil war, simply had little to offer the Axis and that the Spanish armed forces were not ready for a major war. Until his death in November 1975, Franco ruled Spain as "Caudillo by the grace of God," as his coins proclaimed. [229], Following Franco's funeral, his widow Carmen Polo supervised the moving of crates of jewely, antiques, artworks, and Franco's papers to the family's various estates in Spain or to safe havens in foreign countries. The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in 20th Century Spain. It was located only 10 kilometres from the palace, monastery, and royal pantheon of El Escorial built by Philip II. [242] Historian Stanley Payne described Franco as being the most significant figure to dominate Spain since Philip II,[243] while Michael Seidman argued that Franco was the most successful counterrevolutionary leader of the 20th century. Nevertheless, because of the relatively superior military quality of his army and the continuation of heavy German and Italian assistance, Franco won a complete and unconditional victory on April 1, 1939. Franco was eventually recognised for his leadership, and he was promoted to brigadier general on 3 February 1926, making him the youngest general in Europe at age 33, according to Payne and Palacios. He then arbitrarily appointed an interim prime minister and after a short period announced the dissolution of parliament and new elections. [84], The war was marked by foreign intervention on behalf of both sides. Divorce was forbidden, along with contraceptives, and abortion. Franco's first problem was how to move his troops to the Iberian Peninsula, since most units of the Navy had remained in control of the Republic and were blocking the Strait of Gibraltar. Mussolini's number one weapon during his rise to power was fear, he used the fear of people to take control over them. 198", "Political Change in Portugal and Spain, 1975-1976: The Southern Flank in Crisis", "El Congreso aprueba pedir al Gobierno la exhumacin de los restos de Franco del Valle de los Cados", "Spain to dig up Franco's body after government passes decree", "Spanish parliament votes to exhume remains of dictator Franco", "Franco's family demands dictator be buried with military honors", "Spanish government gives Franco family ultimatum in effort to exhume dictator's remains", "Mingorrubio, la antigua colonia franquista donde se enterrara a Franco: "No queremos ser el Valle de los Cados", "Spain's Supreme Court suspends the planned exhumation of Franco", "Spain to move Franco's remains after court gives go-ahead", "Franco's remains to finally leave Spain's Valley of the Fallen", "Confronting its troubled past, Spain exhumes Franco", "Factbox: Reactions to Spain's exhumation of former dictator Franco", "The Battle Over the Memory of the Spanish Civil War", "Spain handles with care memories of its civil war", "Viudos de Franco homenajearon a Pinochet en Espaa", Politics As Usual? Most country towns and rural areas were patrolled by pairs of Guardia Civil, a military police force for civilians, which functioned as Franco's chief means of social control. Following a number of scandals that weakened the Radicals, one of the parties of the governing coalition, parliament was dissolved, and new elections were announced for February 1936. [167][168] Franco was aware that his air force would be quickly defeated if going into action against the Royal Air Force, and the Royal Navy would easily be able to destroy Spain's small navy and blockade the entire Spanish coast to prevent imports of crucial materials such as oil. Franco would have a close relationship with his daughter and was a proud parent, though his traditionalist attitudes and increasing responsibilities meant he left much of the child-rearing to his wife. [258], Recently the Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory (ARHM) initiated a systematic search for mass graves of people executed during Franco's regime, which has been supported since the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party's (PSOE) victory during the 2004 elections by Jos Luis Rodrguez Zapatero's government. Thursday's long-awaited relocation fulfils a key . At the time of her death in 1988, Carmen Polo was receiving a pension of over 12.5million pesetas (four million more than the salary of Felipe Gonzlez, then head of the government).[260]. In part because he was not a typical Spanish political general, Franco became head of state of the new Nationalist regime on October 1, 1936. Owing to Franco's human-rights record, the Spanish government in 2007 banned all official public references to the Franco regime and began the removal of all statues, street names and memorials associated with the regime, with the last statue reportedly being removed in 2008 in the city of Santander. Because of his military ability and prestige, a political record unmarred by sectarian politics and conspiracies, and his proven ability to gain military assistance from Adolf Hitlers Germany and Benito Mussolinis Italy, Franco was the obvious choice. The years from 1951 to 1956 were marked by substantial economic progress, but the reforms of the period were only sporadically implemented, and they were not well coordinated. [220], Franco's body was interred at the Valley of the Fallen (Valle de los Cados), a colossal memorial built by the forced labour of political prisoners ostensibly to honour the casualties of both sides of the Spanish Civil War. The longevity of Franco's rule, his suppression of political opposition, and his government's effective propaganda sustained through the years have made a detached evaluation difficult. Civil servants had to be Catholic, and some official jobs even required a "good behavior" statement by a priest. He felt that with Franco in undisputed control of Spain, the possibility of Italy intervening further or of its continuing to occupy the Balearic Islands would be prevented.[106]. [48] After a year of intense pressure, CEDA, the largest party in the congress, was finally successful in forcing the acceptance of three ministries. [112], On 1 October 1936, in Burgos, Franco was publicly proclaimed as Generalsimo of the National army and Jefe del Estado (Head of State). The entrance of CEDA in the government, despite being normal in a parliamentary democracy, was not well accepted by the left. Menu. Jews who were not allowed to enter Spain, however, were sent to the Miranda de Ebro concentration camp or deported to France. [95][96] From August onward, aid from the Soviet Union began; by February 1937 two ships per day arrived at Spain's Mediterranean ports carrying munitions, rifles, machine guns, hand grenades, artillery, and trucks. In 1941 the prison population of Spain was 233,000, mostly political prisoners. Although Franco believed that the majority of the Spanish people still supported the crown, and although he regretted the end of the monarchy, he did not object, nor did he challenge the legitimacy of the republic. All these planes had the Nationalist Spanish insignia painted on them, but were flown by Italian and German nationals. On 5 August Franco was able to break the blockade with the newly arrived air support, successfully deploying a convoy of fishing boats and merchant ships carrying some 3,000 soldiers; between 29 July and 15 August about 15,000 more men were moved. "[152] Julius Ruiz concludes that "although the figures remain disputed, a minimum of 37,843 executions were carried out in the Republican zone with a maximum of 150,000 executions (including 50,000 after the war) in Nationalist Spain."[153]. Thus, his regime became an institutionalized authoritarian system, differing in this respect from the fascist party-states of the German and Italian models. On 27 February Chamberlain's Britain and Daladier's France officially recognised the Franco regime. At the time Hitler did not want to risk damaging his relations with the new Vichy French government. [107] Initially, only military command mattered: this was divided into regional commands (Emilio Mola in the North, Gonzalo Queipo de Llano in Seville commanding Andalucia, Franco with an independent command, and Miguel Cabanellas in Zaragoza commanding Aragon). In 1968, under pressure from the United Nations,[215] Spain granted Equatorial Guinea its independence, and the following year it ceded Ifni to Morocco. [18] Ramn was an internationally known aviator and a Freemason, originally with leftist political leanings. del E. Nm. A reorganisation of the Council of Ministers in early 1957 had brought a group of younger men, most of whom were educated in economics and had experience, to the key ministries. Victory was proclaimed on 1 April 1939, when the last of the Republican forces surrendered. English: Francisco Franco y Bahamonde (1892-1975), known as Generalsimo Francisco Franco (pron. He graduated in July 1910 as a second lieutenant, standing 251st out of 312 cadets in his class, though this might have had less to do with his grades than with his small size and young age. How many people died in Spain during Francoism? [131], The Republicans were subject to disunity and infighting,[132] and were hampered by the destructive consequences of the revolution in the Republican zone: mobilisation was impeded, the Republican image was harmed abroad in democracies, and the campaign against religion aroused overwhelming and unwavering Catholic support for the Nationalists. [154] On the other side of the Pyrenees, refugees were confined in internment camps in France, such as Camp Gurs or Camp Vernet, where 12,000 Republicans were housed in squalid conditions (mostly soldiers from the Durruti Division[155]). In order to achieve that goal, censorship was enforced by the Book Censorship section, the Cinema and Theater . Nevertheless, the Italian troops, despite not always being effective, were present in most of the large operations in large numbers. His recovery was seen by his Moroccan troops as a spiritual event they believed Franco to be blessed with baraka, or protected by God. This is not the road to socialism or communism but to desperate anarchism without even the advantage of liberty."[74]. He became head of the rebel Nationalist government on October 1 but did not gain complete control of the country for more than three years. [99] This controversial decision gave the Popular Front time to strengthen its defenses in Madrid and hold the city that year,[100] but with Soviet support. [45], The elections held in October 1933 resulted in a centre-right majority. Deputy Prime Minister Carmen Calvo Poyato stated that having Franco buried at the monument "shows a lack of respect for the victims buried there". At a time in which many Spanish officers were characterized by sloppiness and lack of professionalism, young Franco quickly showed his ability to command troops effectively and soon won a reputation for complete professional dedication. [237], On 24 September 2019, the Supreme Court ruled that the exhumation could proceed, and the Snchez government announced that it would move Franco's remains to the Mingorrubio cemetery as soon as possible. In 2010, documents were discovered showing that on 13 May 1941, Franco ordered his provincial governors to compile a list of Jews while he negotiated an alliance with the Axis powers. Both proposals were denied, with the 23-year-old Franco's young age being given as the reason for denial. [122] For reasons of prestige it was decided to continue assisting Franco until the end of the war, and Italian and German troops paraded on the day of the final victory in Madrid. Posted by on Jun 10, 2022 in skullcandy indy evo charging case replacement | annabeth chase birthday. Kennan believes that this operation was originally conducted in good faith with no other purpose than saving the Republic. [62] Some time after these events, Franco was briefly commander-in-chief of the Army of Africa (from 15 February onwards), and from 19 May 1935, on, Chief of the General Staff. [127] The Nationalists used their ships aggressively to pursue the opposition, in contrast to the largely passive naval strategy of the Republicans. -Match ends, Atltico Tucumn 0, Talleres de Crdoba 2. [162], Spanish neutrality during World War II was publicly acknowledged by leading Allied statesmen. Concurrent with the absence of social reforms, and the economic power shift, a tide of mass emigration commenced to other European countries, and to a lesser extent, to South America. With the rebellion of 1934, the Spanish left lost even the shadow of moral authority to condemn the rebellion of 1936."[61]. His loyal bodyguard was shot by Manuel Blanco. There seems to be no consensus on whether the statue should simply be moved or completely destroyed. [52] Thirty four priests, six young seminarists with ages between 18 and 21, and several businessmen and civil guards were summarily executed by the revolutionaries in Mieres and Sama, 58 religious buildings including churches, convents and part of the university at Oviedo were burned and destroyed,[53] and over 100 priests were killed in the diocese. [186] While under the leadership of Francisco Franco, the Spanish government explicitly endorsed the Catholic Church as the religion of the nation state and did not endorse liberal ideas such as religious pluralism or separation of Church and State found in the Republican Constitution of 1931. Following the Second World War, the government enacted the "Spanish Bill of Rights" (Fuero de los Espaoles), which extended the right to private worship of non-Catholic religions, including Judaism, though it did not permit the erection of religious buildings for this practice and did not allow non-Catholic public ceremonies. The Civil War had been largely a sanguinary struggle of attrition, marked by atrocities on both sides. [83] During the war, rape, torture and summary executions committed by soldiers under Franco's command were used as a means of retaliation and to repress political dissent. The country got rid of populations it would not have been able to keep in employment, and the emigrants supplied the country with much needed monetary remittances. [233], Franco's family opposed the exhumation, and attempted to prevent it by making appeals to the Ombudsman's Office. Francisco Vidal Franco Cisneros (born 25 August 1987 in Autln, Jalisco, Mxico) is a Mexican footballer, who plays as defender for Deportivo Toluca . The Gudaris (Basques) and the pilots easily found local backers and jobs, and were allowed to quit the camp, but the farmers and ordinary people, who could not find relations in France, were encouraged by the French government, in agreement with the Francoist government, to return to Spain. Five days later on 24 April the raised-arm salute of the Falange was made the official salute of the Nationalist regime. In May 1935 he was appointed chief of the Spanish armys general staff, and he began tightening discipline and strengthening military institutions, although he left many of the earlier reforms in place. deadliest catch deaths at sea .

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